Understanding Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter: Early Detection and Adequate Treatment Can Significantly Reduce Stroke Risk.

Good news first: Early diagnosis and adequate treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) can reduce your stroke risk by a remarkable 66%. This is a powerful statistic, and one that underscores the importance of understanding AF and its counterpart, Atrial Flutter.

Both are conditions affecting heart rhythm, with potentially devastating consequences, if left untreated. But with awareness and timely care, they can be effectively managed, allowing you to take control of your heart health.

Why Focus on Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter?

AF is highly prevalent in the Australian community, ranking among the highest globally. Its consequences are significant. According to a recent White Paper by the Australian Cardiovascular Alliance Clinical Arrhythmia Theme:

• Stroke, dementia, and heart failure risks are substantially increased in people with AF.

• Hospitalisations due to AF are among the highest of all cardiovascular causes.

• Australians living with AF often suffer from debilitating symptoms that impact their quality of life.

Atrial Flutter, while less common, shares similar symptoms and risks. About one-third of people with Atrial Flutter also experience AF, making it critical to understand and diagnose both conditions.

What Are AF and Atrial Flutter?

In Atrial Fibrillation, the heart’s upper chambers (atria) beat irregularly, reducing their ability to pump blood efficiently. This can lead to blood clots forming in the heart, which may travel to the brain and cause a stroke.

Atrial Flutter, on the other hand, involves the atria beating more regularly but much faster than usual.

Symptoms of both conditions include:

• Heart palpitations or fluttering sensations.

• Chest discomfort or tightness.

• Fatigue and difficulty exercising.

• Shortness of breath.

• Dizziness.

How to Control the Risk Factors

Managing risk factors that are within your control is a powerful way to reduce your chances of developing Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and its associated complications. By focusing on lifestyle changes, you can significantly improve your heart health and lower your stroke risk.

1. Inactivity: Get Active and Stay Active

Inactivity is a major contributor to cardiovascular issues, including AF. Incorporating regular exercise into your day can improve your heart health, help with weight management, and reduce AF symptoms. Consulting an exercise physiologist is an ideal starting point. They can expertly tailor a fitness plan to your individual needs.

2. Diabetes: Keep Blood Sugar Levels in Check

Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of heart disease, which can exacerbate AF. Maintaining stable blood sugar levels through proper diet, exercise, and medication management is essential.

3. High Blood Pressure: Prioritise Your Heart Health

Getting a Heart Health Check through your GP can help identify elevated blood pressure levels and ensure timely intervention. Since 2019, Heart Health Checks have been covered by Medicare and are free at practices that bulk bill this service.
If you can reduce your systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 10 points (mmHg), studies show your relative risk of major cardiovascular events is decreased by 20%.

4. High Cholesterol: Keep Your Numbers in Check

Elevated cholesterol can contribute to plaque buildup in the arteries, raising the risk of AF. Regular checkups to monitor your cholesterol levels, combined with a heart-healthy diet and exercise, can lower your risk.

5. Body Composition: Maintain a Healthy Weight

Aim for a healthy body mass index (BMI) under 27 to reduce the burden on your heart and decrease the risk of AF.

6. Smoking: Quit Smoking to Protect Your Heart

Smoking is a significant risk factor for heart disease and can exacerbate the progression of AF. Quitting smoking can improve overall cardiovascular health and reduce AF symptoms.

7. Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Moderate Your Drinking

Heavy drinking can contribute to AF by triggering abnormal heart rhythms. Reducing alcohol intake or abstaining altogether can significantly lower the likelihood of developing AF and other heart-related issues 

8. Sleep: Address Sleep Apnea and Fatigue

Lack of quality sleep or conditions like sleep apnea can exacerbate heart conditions, including AF. Prioritse good sleep hygiene and seek treatment for sleep disorders.

9. Supplements: Consult Your Pharmacist for Heart Health Support

Certain supplements, such as magnesium, omega-3 fats, and co-enzyme Q10, have been shown to support heart health and reduce the risk of AF. Speak with your trusted pharmacist to see which supplements might benefit you.

Risk Factors You Can’t Change

While lifestyle modifications play a significant role in managing AF, there are certain risk factors that are beyond your control. Understanding these factors can help you work more closely with your healthcare team to monitor your personal care requirements effectively.

1. Genetics: Family History Matters

A family history of heart disease or AF increases your risk. Genetic factors can influence how your heart functions, and it’s essential to share your family health history with your healthcare provider for personalised care.

2. Age: The Older You Get, the Higher the Risk

As you age, the risk of developing AF increases. It’s estimated that approximately one in four adults over the age of 40 will experience AF in their lifetime​. Furthermore, nearly 8 out of 10 adults suffering from or diagnosed with Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter are aged 65+.

3. Sex: Men Are More Likely to Develop AF

Men are statistically more likely to develop AF than women, with a 13% greater risk. While gender is a non-modifiable risk factor, understanding this can help men stay vigilant and monitor their heart health closely.

4. Ethnicity: Genetic Predispositions Vary

Certain ethnic groups are more prone to developing AF. Cultural awareness can aid in early diagnosis and appropriate intervention.

5. Medical Conditions: Heart Disease and Other Health Issues

Medical conditions like heart disease, thyroid disorders, chronic kidney disease, and lung disease can all increase your risk of AF.

6. Surgeries: A Potential Trigger for AF

Certain surgeries, especially those involving the heart or lungs, can trigger AF in some people. If you’ve had heart surgery or another procedure, make sure to discuss the possibility of AF with your doctor. 

Take Control of Your Heart Health Today

Don't wait to take control of your heart health — schedule your Heart Health Check today and start working with CCA's exercise physiologists to reduce your stroke risk and feel your best.

Your heart health is in your hands — let's make it stronger, together.